Chapter 1 Internetworking

Internetworking Basics

Internetworking Models

The Layered Approach

Advantages of Reference Models

The OSI Reference Model

The Application Layer

The Presentation Layer

The Session Layer

The Transport Layer

The Network Layer

The Data Link Layer

The Physical Layer

Ethernet Networking

Half- and Full-Duplex Ethernet

Ethernet at the Data Link Layer

Ethernet at the Physical Layer

Ethernet Cabling

Straight-Through Cable

Crossover Cable

Rolled Cable

Data Encapsulation

The Cisco Three-Layer Hierarchical Model

The Core Layer

The Distribution Layer

The Access Layer

Summary

Exam Essentials

Written Lab 1

Written Lab 1.1: OSI Questions

Written Lab 1.2: Defining the OSI Layers and Devices

Written Lab 1.3: Identifying Collision and

Broadcast Domains

Written Lab 1.4: Binary/Decimal/Hexadecimal

Conversion

Review Questions

Answers to Review Questions

Chapter 2 Introduction to TCP/IP

TCP/IP and the DoD Model

The Process/Application Layer Protocols

The Host-to-Host Layer Protocols

The Internet Layer Protocols

IP Addressing

IP Terminology

The Hierarchical IP Addressing Scheme

Private IP Addresses

Broadcast Addresses

Summary

Exam Essentials

Written Lab 2

Review Questions

Answers to Review Questions

Answers to Written Lab 2

Chapter 3 Subnetting, Variable Length Subnet Masks

(VLSMs), and Troubleshooting TCP/IP

Subnetting Basics

IP Subnet-Zero

How to Create Subnets

Subnet Masks

Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)

Subnetting Class C Addresses

Subnetting Class B Addresses

Subnetting Class A Addresses

Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSMs)

VLSM Design

Implementing VLSM Networks

Summarization

Troubleshooting IP Addressing

Determining IP Address Problems

Summary

Exam Essentials

Written Labs 3

Written Lab 3.1: Written Subnet Practice #1

Written Lab 3.2: Written Subnet Practice

Written Lab 3.3: Written Subnet Practice

Table of Contents xiii

Review Questions

Answers to Review Questions

Answers to Written Lab 3.1

Answers to Written Lab 3.2

Answers to Written Lab 3.3

Chapter 4 Cisco’s Internetworking Operating System (IOS)

and Security Device Manager (SDM)

The IOS User Interface

Cisco Router IOS

Connecting to a Cisco Router

Bringing Up a Router

Command-Line Interface (CLI)

Entering the CLI from a Non-ISR Router

Overview of Router Modes

CLI Prompts

Editing and Help Features

Gathering Basic Routing Information

Router and Switch Administrative Configurations

Hostnames

Banners

Setting Passwords

Encrypting Your Passwords

Descriptions

Router Interfaces

Bringing Up an Interface

Viewing, Saving, and Erasing Configurations

Deleting the Configuration and Reloading the Router

Verifying Your Configuration

Cisco’s Security Device Manager (SDM)

Summary

Exam Essentials

Written Lab 4

Hands-on Labs

Hands-on Lab 4.1: Logging into a Router

Hands-on Lab 4.2: Using the Help and Editing Features

Hands-on Lab 4.3: Saving a Router Configuration

Hands-on Lab 4.4: Setting Your Passwords

Hands-on Lab 4.5: Setting the Hostname, Descriptions,

    IP Address, and Clock Rate

Hands-on Lab 4.6: Installing SDM on Your Computer

Review Questions

Answers to Review Questions

Answers to Written Lab 4

xiv Table of Contents

Chapter 5 Managing a Cisco Internetwork

The Internal Components of a Cisco Router

The Router Boot Sequence

Managing Configuration Register

Understanding the Configuration Register Bits

Checking the Current Configuration Register Value

Changing the Configuration Register

Recovering Passwords

Boot System Commands

Backing Up and Restoring the Cisco IOS

Verifying Flash Memory

Backing Up the Cisco IOS

Restoring or Upgrading the Cisco Router IOS

Using the Cisco IOS File System (Cisco IFS)

Using the SDM to Manage the Flash Memory

Backing Up and Restoring the Cisco Configuration

Backing Up the Cisco Router Configuration

Restoring the Cisco Router Configuration

Erasing the Configuration

Using the Cisco IOS File System to Manage Your

    Router’s Configuration (Cisco IFS) 278

Using the SDM to Back Up/Restore and Edit

    the Router’s Configuration

Using Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)

Getting CDP Timers and Holdtime Information

Gathering Neighbor Information

Gathering Interface Traffic Information

Gathering Port and Interface Information

Documenting a Network Topology Using CDP

Using Telnet

Telnetting into Multiple Devices Simultaneously

Checking Telnet Connections

Checking Telnet Users

Closing Telnet Sessions

Using SDM to Telnet into Your Router

Resolving Hostnames

Building a Host Table

Using DNS to Resolve Names

Checking Network Connectivity and Troubleshooting

Using the ping Command

Using the traceroute Command

Debugging

Using the show processes Command

Summary

Table of Contents xv

Exam Essentials

Written Lab 5

Hands-on Labs

Hands-on Lab 5.1: Backing Up Your Router IOS

Hands-on Lab 5.2: Upgrading or Restoring

    Your Router IOS

Hands-on Lab 5.3: Backing Up the Router Configuration

Hands-on Lab 5.4: Using the Cisco Discovery

    Protocol (CDP)

Hands-on Lab 5.5: Using Telnet

Hands-on Lab 5.6: Resolving Hostnames

Review Questions

Answers to Review Questions

Answers to Written Lab 5

Chapter 6 IP Routing

Routing Basics

The IP Routing Process

Testing Your IP Routing Understanding

Configuring IP Routing

Configuring IP Routing in Our Network

Static Routing

Default Routing

Dynamic Routing

Routing Protocol Basics

Distance-Vector Routing Protocols

Routing Loops

Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

RIP Timers

Configuring RIP Routing

Verifying the RIP Routing Tables

Configuring RIP Routing Example 2

Holding Down RIP Propagations

RIP Version 2 (RIPv2)

Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP)

Verifying Your Configurations

The show ip protocols Command

The debug ip rip Command

Enabling RIPv2 on Our Internetwork

Summary

Exam Essentials

Written Lab 6

Hands-on Labs

Hands-on Lab 6.1: Creating Static Routes

Hands-on Lab 6.2: Configuring RIP Routing

xvi Table of Contents

Review Questions

Answers to Review Questions

Answers to Written Lab 6

Chapter 7 Enhanced IGRP (EIGRP) and Open Shortest

Path First (OSPF)

EIGRP Features and Operation

Protocol-Dependent Modules

Neighbor Discovery

Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP)

Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL)

Using EIGRP to Support Large Networks

Multiple ASes

VLSM Support and Summarization

Route Discovery and Maintenance

Configuring EIGRP

Corp

R1

R2

R3

Redistributing to the 871W Router from R3

Configuring Discontiguous Networks

Load Balancing with EIGRP

Verifying EIGRP

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) Basics

OSPF Terminology

SPF Tree Calculation

Configuring OSPF

Enabling OSPF

Configuring OSPF Areas

Configuring Our Network with OSPF

Verifying OSPF Configuration

The show ip ospf Command

The show ip ospf database Command

The show ip ospf interface Command

The show ip ospf neighbor Command

The show ip protocols Command

Debugging OSPF

OSPF DR and BDR Elections

Neighbors

Adjacencies

DR and BDR Elections

OSPF and Loopback Interfaces

Configuring Loopback Interfaces

OSPF Interface Priorities

Troubleshooting OSPF

Configuring EIGRP and OSPF Summary Routes

Summary

Exam Essentials

Written Lab 7

Hands-on Labs

Hands-on Lab 7.1: Configuring and Verifying EIGRP

Hands-on Lab 7.2: Enabling the OSPF Process

Hands-on Lab 7.3: Configuring OSPF Neighbors

Hands-on Lab 7.4: Verifying OSPF Operation

Hands-on Lab 7.5: OSPF DR and BDR Elections

Review Questions

Answers to Review Questions

Answers to Written Lab 7

Chapter 8 Layer 2 Switching and Spanning Tree

Protocol (STP)

Before Layer 2 Switching

Switching Services

Limitations of Layer 2 Switching

Bridging vs. LAN Switching

Three Switch Functions at Layer 2

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

Spanning Tree Terms

Spanning Tree Operations

Configuring Catalyst Switches

Catalyst Switch Configuration

Verifying Cisco Catalyst Switches

Cisco Network Assistant

Summary

Exam Essentials

Written Lab 8

Review Questions

Answers to Review Questions

Answers to Written Lab 8.1

Chapter 9 Virtual LANs (VLANs) 551

VLAN Basics

Broadcast Control

Security

Flexibility and Scalability

VLAN Memberships

Static VLANs

Dynamic VLANs

xviii Table of Contents

Identifying VLANs

Frame Tagging

VLAN Identification Methods

VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP)

VTP Modes of Operation

VTP Pruning

Routing between VLANs

Configuring VLANs

Assigning Switch Ports to VLANs

Configuring Trunk Ports

Configuring Inter-VLAN Routing

Configuring VTP

Troubleshooting VTP

Telephony: Configuring Voice VLANs

Configuring the Voice VLAN

Configuring IP Phone Voice Traffic

Using the CNA to Configure VLANs

Inter-VLAN Routing

Summary

Exam Essentials

Written Lab 9

Review Questions

Answers to Review Questions

Answers to Written Lab 9.1

Chapter 10 Security

Perimeter, Firewall, and Internal Routers

Recognizing Security Threats

Mitigating Security Threats

Cisco’s IOS Firewall

Introduction to Access Lists

Mitigating Security Issues with ACLs

Standard Access Lists

Wildcard Masking

Standard Access List Example

Controlling VTY (Telnet) Access

Extended Access Lists

Extended Access List Example 1

Extended Access List Example 2

Advanced Access Lists

Named ACLs

Switch Port ACLs

Lock and Key (Dynamic ACLs)

Reflexive ACLs

Time-Based ACLs

Table of Contents xix

Remarks

Context-Based Access Control (Cisco IOS Firewall)

Authentication Proxy

Monitoring Access Lists

Configuring Access Lists Using SDM

Creating ACLs with SDM

Creating Firewalls with SDM

Summary

Exam Essentials

Written Lab 10.1

Hands-on Labs

Hands-on Lab 10.1: Standard IP Access Lists

Hands-on Lab 10.2: Extended IP Access Lists

Review Questions

Answers to Review Questions

Answers to Written Lab 10.1

Chapter 11 Network Address Translation (NAT) 669

When Do We Use NAT?

Types of Network Address Translation

NAT Names

How NAT Works

Static NAT Configuration

Dynamic NAT Configuration

PAT (Overloading) Configuration

Simple Verification of NAT

Testing and Troubleshooting NAT

Configuring NAT on Our Internetwork

Configuring NAT Using SDM

Summary

Exam Essentials

Written Lab 11

Hands-on Labs

Lab 11.1: Preparing for NAT

Lab 11.2: Configuring Dynamic NAT

Lab 11.3: Configuring PAT

Review Questions

Answers to Review Questions

Answers to Written Lab 11

Chapter 12 Cisco’s Wireless Technologies

Introduction to Wireless Technology

The 802.11 Standards

Comparing 802.11

xx Table of Contents

Cisco’s Unified Wireless Solution

Split-MAC Architecture

MESH and LWAPP

AWPP

Wireless Security

Configuring Our Wireless Internetwork

Summary

Exam Essentials

Written Lab 12

Review Questions

Answers to Review Questions

Answers to Written Lab 12

Chapter 13 Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)

Why Do We Need IPv6?

The Benefits and Uses of IPv6

IPv6 Addressing and Expressions

Shortened Expression

Address Types

Special Addresses

How IPv6 Works in an Internetwork

Autoconfiguration

Configuring Cisco Routers with IPv6

DHCPv6

ICMPv6

IPv6 Routing Protocols

RIPng

EIGRPv6

OSPFv3

Migrating to IPv6

Dual Stacking

6to4 Tunneling

NAT-PT

Configuring IPv6 on Our Internetwork

Configuring RIPng

Configuring OSPFv3

Summary

Exam Essentials

Written Lab 13 767

Review Questions 768

Answers to Review Questions 771

Answers to Written Lab 13.1 772

Chapter 14 Wide Area Networks

Introduction to Wide Area Networks

Defining WAN Terms

WAN Connection Types

WAN Support

Cable and DSL

Cable

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

Cabling the Serial Wide Area Network

Serial Transmission

Data Terminal Equipment and Data Communica

    Equipment

High-Level Data-Link Control (HDLC) Protocol

Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)

Link Control Protocol (LCP) Configuration Options

PPP Session Establishment

PPP Authentication Methods

Configuring PPP on Cisco Routers

Configuring PPP Authentication

Verifying PPP Encapsulation

PPPoE Configuration

Frame Relay

Introduction to Frame Relay Technology

Frame Relay Implementation and Monitoring

Using SDM for WAN Connections

Configuring PPP with Authentication Using SDM

Configuring PPPoE with SDM

Configuring Frame Relay with SDM

Virtual Private Networks

Introduction to Cisco IOS IPSec

IPSec Transforms

Configuring VPNs/IPSec Using the SDM

Summary

Exam Essentials

Written Lab 14

Hands-on Labs

Hands-on Lab 14.1: Configuring PPP Encapsulation

    and Authentication

Hands-on Lab 14.2: Configuring and

    Monitoring HDLC

Hands-on Lab 14.3: Configuring Frame Relay

    and Subinterfaces

xxii Table of Contents

Review Questions

Answers to Review Questions

Answers to Written Lab 14.1